朗文高级英语语法
作者： （美）艾萨著
出版时间：2008年版
内容简介
　　《朗文英语语法》系列是专门为英语学习者量身定做的一套语法教材，分为初级、中级、高级三个级别，并配有对应的强化训练册。该系列教材自 20世纪80年代出版以来，深受英语学习者喜爱，在国际上享有盛誉。这套教材不仅对语法知识及其基本应用进行了图表化的归纳总结和透彻讲解，而且兼顾了听、说、读、写多项技能。通过学习本书，学生不仅能够循序渐进地轻松掌握各种语法规则，而且能够通过丰富的练习进行交际实践，从而充分体会到语法学习的实用性和趣味性。 《朗文英语语法》系列是一套专门为中级水平的英语学习者提高语法技能而量身定做的教材。本书为该系列之一的“高级语法”分册，书中以语法为核心，同时通过各种方法帮助学习者全面提升各项语言技能。本书既可以用作课堂教材，也可以作为参考资料供学生自学。《朗文英语语法》系列是专门为英语学习者量身定做的一套语法教材，分为初级、中级、高级三个级别，并配有对应的强化训练册。该系列教材自20世纪80年代出版以来，深受英语学习者喜爱，在国际上享有盛誉。这套教材不仅对语法知识及其基本应用进行了图表化的归纳总结和透彻讲解，而且兼顾了听、说、读、写多项技能。通过学习本书，学生不仅能够循序渐进地轻松掌握各种语法规则，而且能够通过丰富的练习进行交际实践，从而充分体会到语法学习的实用性和趣味性。 以图表方式简化对语法规则的说明，系统性扩充相关要点；例句清晰简明，有助于理解语法结构并实际应用。练习包括口头及书面两种方式，针对听、说、读、写等多项技能整体设计，内容丰富，形式多样，实用性与趣味性 强，便于及时检查学习成果，巩固提高。设置多种互动性极强的分组对话和开放式自由讨论活动，主题及例句贴近学生生活，使语法学习与实践应用紧密结合。章节容量适宜，安排合理，资源丰富，方便学习与教学。套色印刷，版面清晰，编排精致，好学易懂。
目录
第一章 动词时态概述(Overview Of Verb Tenses)
1-1 一般时态(The Simple Tenses)
1-2 进行时态(The Progressive Tenses)
1-3 完成时态(The Perfect Tenses)
1-4 完成进行时态(The Perfect Progressive Tenses)
1-5 时态用法总结(Summary Chart of Verb Tenses)
1-6 -ing 和-ed形式的拼写(Spelling of -ing and -ed Forms)
第二章 一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时和过去进行时(Present And Past, Simple And Progressive)
2-1 一般现在时(Simple Present)
2-2 现在进行时(Present Progressive)
2-3 静态动词(Stative Verbs)
2-4 am/is/are being+形容词(am/is/are being + Adjective)
2-5 规则动词和不规则动词(Regular and Irregular Verbs)
2-6 规则动词：-ed的发音(Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings)
2-7 不规则动词表(Irregular Verbs: an Alphabetical List)
2-8 易混淆的动词：raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie(Troublesome Verbs: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie)
2-9 一般过去时(Simple Past)
2-10 过去进行时(Past Progressive)
2-11 进行时态与always连用表示抱怨(Using Progressive Verbs with always to Complain)
2-12 进行时态中地点状语的用法(Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs)
第三章 完成时和完成进行时(Perfect And Perfect Progressive Tenses)
3-1 现在完成时(Present Perfect)
3-2 现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Progressive)
3-3 过去完成时(Past Perfect)
3-4 过去完成进行时(Past Perfect Progressive)
第四章 将来时(Future Time)
4-1 一般将来时：will 和be going to(Simple Future: will and be going to)
4-2 will与be going to的比较(will vs.be going to)
4-3 用时间状语从句表示将来(Expressing the Future in Time Clauses)
4-4 用一般现在时和现在进行时表示将来(Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time)
4-5 将来进行时(Future Progressive)
4-6 将来完成时(Future Perfect)
4-7 将来完成进行时(Future Perfect Progressive)
第五章 时间状语从句和时态的复习(Adverb Clauses Of Time And Review Of Verb Tenses)
5-1 时间状语从句：形式(Adverb Clauses of Time: Form)
5-2 用时间状语从句表示时间关系(Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships)
第六章 主谓一致(Subject-verb Agreement)
6-1 以-s或-es结尾的词：用法、发音和拼写(Final -s/-es: Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling)
6-2 基本的主谓一致问题(Basic Subject-verb Agreement)
6-3 主谓一致：表达数量(Subject-verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity)
6-4 主谓一致：there be的用法(Subject-verb Agreement: Using there + be)
6-5 主谓一致：不规则用法(Subject-verb Agreement: Some Irregularities)
第七章 名 词(Nouns)
7-1 名词复数形式的规则和不规则变化(Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns)
7-2 所有格(Possessive Nouns)
7-3 名词作修饰语(Using Nouns as Modifiers)
7-4 可数名词和不可数名词(Count and Noncount Nouns)
7-5 不可数名词(Noncount Nouns)
7-6 常见不可数名词(Some Common Noncount Nouns)
7-7 冠词的基本用法(Basic Article Usage)
7-8 冠词用法的基本原则(General Guidelines for Article Usage)
7-9 数量的表达(Expressions of Quantity)
7-10 a few和few，a little和little的用法(Using a few and few；a little and little)
7-11 带of 的数量表达(Using of in Expressions of Quantity)
7-12 all(of) 和both(of)[All(of) and both(of)
7-13 单数的数量表达：one, each, every(Singular Expressions of Quantity: one, each, every)　
第八章 代 词(Pronouns)
8-1 人称代词(Personal Pronouns)
8-2 人称代词：与类属名词、不定代词的一致性(Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns)
8-3 人称代词：与集合名词的一致性(Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns)
8-4 反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)
8-5 you, one和they用作非人称代词(Using you, one, and they as Impersonal Pronouns)
8-6 other的形式(Forms of other)
8-7 other的常见表达(Common Expressions with other)
第九章 情态动词(一)(Modals, Part 1)
9-1 概述(Introduction)
9-2 I作主语的礼貌请求(Polite Questions with I as the Subject)
9-3 you作主语的礼貌请求(Polite Questions with you as the Subject)
9-4 would you mind用作礼貌请求(Polite Requests with would you mind)
9-5 表示必须：must, have to, have got to(Expressing Necessity: must, have to, have got to)57
9-6 不必要和禁止：have to和must的否定形式(Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: have to and must in the Negative)
9-7 忠告：should, ought to, had better(Advisability: should, ought to, had better)
9-8 should的过去式(The Past Form of should)
9-9 期望：be supposed to(Expectations: be supposed to)
9-10 提议：let’s, why don’t, shall I/we(Making Suggestions: let’s, why don’t, shall I/we)69
9-11 提议：could与should的比较(Making Suggestions: could vs.should)
第十章 情态动词(二)(Modals, Part 2)
10-1 表示确定程度：现在时(Degrees of Certainty: Present Time)
10-2 表示确定程度：现在时的否定形式(Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative)
10-3 表示确定程度：过去时(Degrees of Certainty: Past Time)
10-4 表示确定程度：将来时(Degrees of Certainty: Future Time)
10-5 情态动词的进行式(Progressive Forms of Modals)
10-6 表示能力：can和could(Ability: can and could)
10-7 would表示过去重复性的动作(Using would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past)
10-8 表示倾向：would rather(Expressing Preference: would rather)
10-9 情态动词和短语情态动词的结合(Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals)
10-10 情态动词和类似表达的总结表(Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions)
第十一章 被动语态(The Passive)
11-1 被动语态的构成(Forming the Passive)
11-2 被动语态的用法(Using the Passive)
11-3 间接宾语用作被动语态的主语(Indirect Objects Used as Passive Subjects)
11-4 情态动词与短语情态动词的被动语态(The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals)18
11-5 静态被动语态(Stative Passive)
11-6 常见静态被动语态动词 + 介词(Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions)
11-7 get与被动语态(The Passive with get)
11-8 分词形容词(Participial Adjectives)
第十二章 名词性从句(Noun Clauses)
12-1 概述(Introduction)
12-2 以疑问词开头的名词性从句(Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word)
12-3 以whether或if开头的名词性从句(Noun Clauses Beginning with whether or if)
12-4 疑问词后接不定式(Question Words Followed by Infinitives)
12-5 以that开头的名词性从句(Noun Clauses Beginning with that)
12-6 直接引语(Quoted Speech)
12-7 间接引语：名词性从句中动词的形式(Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses)
12-8 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(Using the Subjunctive in Noun Clauses)
12-9 带有-ever的词汇的用法(Using -ever Words)5
第十三章 定语从句(Adjective Clauses)
13-1 概述(Introduction)
13-2 定语从句的关系代词作主语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject)
13-3 定语从句的关系代词作动词的宾语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb)
13-4 定语从句的关系代词作介词的宾语(Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition)
13-5 定语从句的常用句型(Usual Patterns of Adjective Clauses)
13-6 whose的用法(Using whose)
13-7 定语从句中where的用法(Using where in Adjective Clauses)
13-8 定语从句中when的用法(Using when in Adjective Clauses)
13-9 定语从句修饰代词的用法(Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns)
13-10 定语从句中标点符号的使用(Punctuating Adjective Clauses)
13-11 定语从句中数量的表示方法(Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses)
13-12 名词+of which 的用法(Using Noun + of which)86
13-13 which修饰整个句子的用法(Using which to Modify a Whole Sentence)
13-14 将定语从句简化为形容词短语：概述
(Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Introduction)
13-15 将定语从句转变为形容词短语(Changing an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase)
第十四章 动名词和不定式(一)(Gerunds And Infinitives, Part 1)
14-1 动名词：概述(Gerunds: Introduction)
14-2 动名词作介词的宾语(Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions)
14-3 后面接动名词的常见介词短语(Common Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds)
14-4 后面接动名词的常见动词(Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds)
14-5 go+动名词(go + Gerund)
14-6 后面接动词-ing形式的固定搭配(Special Expressions Followed by -ing)
14-7 后面接不定式的常见动词(Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives)
14-8 后面既可接不定式又可接动名词的常见动词(Common Verbs Followed by either Infinitives or Gerunds)
14-9 后面接动名词的动词列表(Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds)
14-10 后面接不定式的动词列表(Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives)
14-11 it +不定式；动名词和不定式作主语(it + Infinitive；Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects)
第十五章 动名词和不定式(二)(Gerunds And Infinitives, Part 2)
15-1 表示目的的不定式：in order to(Infinitive of Purpose: in order to)
15-2 后面接不定式的形容词(Adjectives Followed by Infinitives)
15-3 不定式与too和enough连用(Using Infinitives with too and enough)
15-4 不定式和动名词的被动语态和完成式(Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds)
15-5 need后接动名词或不定式的被动语态形式(Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following need)
15-6 所有格修饰动名词(Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund)
15-7 感官动词的用法(Using Verbs of Perception)6
15-8 let和help后接动词原形(Using the Simple Form after let and help)
15-9 使役动词的用法：make, have, get(Using Causative Verbs: make, have, get)
第十六章 并列连词(Coordinating Conjunctions)
16-1 平行结构(Parallel Structure) 348
16-2 成对连词：bothand；not onlybut also；eitheror；neithernor(Using Paired Conjunctions: both ...and；not only ...but also；either ...or；neither ...nor)
16-3 用并列连词连接独立分句(Combining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions)
第十七章 状语从句(Adverb Clauses)
17-1 概述(Introduction)
17-2 原因状语从句(Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect)
17-3 表达对比(意外的结果)：even though的用法[Expressing Contrast(Unexpected Result): Using even though]
17-4 表达直接对比：while和whereas(Showing Direct Contrast: while and whereas)
17-5 条件状语从句：if从句(Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: if-clauses)
17-6 条件状语从句：whether or not 和even if 的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using whether or not and even if)
17-7 条件状语从句：in case 和in the event that的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using in case and in the event that)
17-8 条件状语从句：unless的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using unless)
17-9 条件状语从句：only if的用法(Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using only if)
第十八章 将状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(Reduction Of Adverb Clauses To Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-1 概述(Introduction)
18-2 将时间状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-3 用修饰性的副词短语表达“与此同时”的概念(Expressing the Idea of “During the Same Time” in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-4 用修饰性的副词短语表示因果关系(Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
18-5 在修饰性的副词短语中使用 “upon + -ing”(Using upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases)
第十九章 表示因果、对比和条件关系的关联词(Connectives That Express Cause And Effect, Contrast, And Condition)
19-1 because of 和due to的用法(Using because of and due to)
19-2 用过渡词表示因果关系：therefore和consequently(Using Transitions to Show Cause and Effect: therefore and consequently)
19-3 句型和标点符号小结(Summary of Patterns and Punctuation)
19-4 其它表示因果关系的方式：suchthat和sothat(Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: such ...that and so ...that)
19-5 表示目的：so that的用法(Expressing Purpose: Using so that)
19-6 表示对比(意料之外的结果)[Showing Contrast(Unexpected Result)]
19-7 表示直接对比(Showing Direct Contrast)
19-8 表示条件：otherwise和or(else)的用法[Expressing Conditions: Using otherwise and or(else)]
19-9 关联词小结：因果、对比和条件关系(Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition)
第二十章 条件句和表达愿望的方式(Conditional Sentences And Wishes)
20-1 条件句中一般动词形式概述(Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences)
20-2 现在和将来的真实条件句(True in the Present or Future)
20-3 现在和将来的非真实条件句(与事实相反)[Untrue(Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future]15
20-4 过去的非真实条件句(与事实相反)[Untrue(Contrary to Fact) in the Past]
20-5 在条件句中使用动词的进行时形式(Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences)
20-6 条件句中“混合时间”的用法(Using “Mixed Time” in Conditional Sentences)
20-7 if 的省略(Omitting if)
20-8 暗含的条件(Implied Conditions)
20-9 as if／as though的用法(Using as if/as though)
20-10 wish后面的动词形式(Verb Forms Following wish)
20-11 用would表达对于未来的希望(Using would to Make Wishes about the Future)
附录 增补语法单元(Supplementary Grammar Units)
A单元：基本语法术语(Basic Grammar Terminology)
A-1 主语、动词和宾语(Subjects, Verbs, and Objects)
A-2 介词和介词短语(Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases)
A-3 形容词(Adjectives)
A-4 副词(Adverbs)
A-5 be动词(The Verb be)
A-6 系动词(Linking Verbs)
B单元：疑问句(Questions)
B-1 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的形式(Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions)
B-2 疑问词(Question Words)
B-3 简化的一般疑问句(Shortened Yes/No Questions)
B-4 否定疑问句(Negative Questions)
B-5 反意疑问句(Tag Questions)
C单元： 缩写(Contractions)
D单元：否定句(Negatives)
D-1 not与其它否定词的用法(Using not and Other Negative Words)
D-2 避免“重复两次否定”(Avoiding Double Negatives)　
D-3 以否定词开头的句子(Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word)
E单元：介词搭配(Preposition Combinations)
E 形容词和动词的介词搭配(Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs)
F单元：用来举例和延续观点的关联词(Connectives To Give Examples And To Continue An Idea)
F-1 用来举例的关联词(Connectives to Give Examples)
F-2 用来延续观点的关联词(Connectives to Continue the Same Idea)
G单元：动词形式的回顾练习(Verb Form Review Exercises)